| Publication |
Sentence |
Publish Date |
Extraction Date |
Species |
| J C Hedree. Tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive elements in the human globus pallidus and subthalamic nucleus. The Journal of comparative neurology. vol 409. issue 3. 1999-07-28. PMID:10379826. |
in contrast to the well-established dopaminergic innervation of the neostriatum, the existence of dopaminergic innervation of the subthalamic nucleus and globus pallidus is controversial. |
1999-07-28 |
2023-08-12 |
human |
| J C Hedree. Tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive elements in the human globus pallidus and subthalamic nucleus. The Journal of comparative neurology. vol 409. issue 3. 1999-07-28. PMID:10379826. |
in the present study, tyrosine hydroxylase (th)-immunoreactive elements were observed by light microscopy after antigen retrieval in the subthalamic nucleus and in the internal and external segments of the globus pallidus in postmortem human brain. |
1999-07-28 |
2023-08-12 |
human |
| P A Starr, J L Vitek, M DeLong, R A Baka. Magnetic resonance imaging-based stereotactic localization of the globus pallidus and subthalamic nucleus. Neurosurgery. vol 44. issue 2. 1999-04-14. PMID:9932883. |
to optimize the accuracy of initial stereotactic targeting for movement disorders surgery, we performed stereotactic localization of the internal segment of the globus pallidus (gpi) and subthalamic nucleus (stn) using magnetic resonance imaging protocols in which the borders of these nuclei were directly visualized. |
1999-04-14 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| B Hontanilla, A Parent, S de las Heras, J M Giménez-Amay. Distribution of calbindin D-28k and parvalbumin neurons and fibers in the rat basal ganglia. Brain research bulletin. vol 47. issue 2. 1999-01-22. PMID:9820727. |
these findings reveal that cb and pv are distributed according to a highly heterogeneous pattern in the caudate putamen complex (cpu), globus pallidus (gp), entopeduncular nucleus (ep), subthalamic nucleus (sth) and substantia nigra (sn) of the rat. |
1999-01-22 |
2023-08-12 |
rat |
| C Deransart, L Vercueil, C Marescaux, A Depauli. The role of basal ganglia in the control of generalized absence seizures. Epilepsy research. vol 32. issue 1-2. 1998-12-29. PMID:9761322. |
the role in this control mechanism of the direct gabaergic projection from the striatum to the substantia nigra and of the indirect pathway, from the striatum through the globus pallidus and the subthalamic nucleus, was examined in a genetic model of absence seizures in the rat. |
1998-12-29 |
2023-08-12 |
rat |
| S E Browne, J L Muir, T W Robbins, K J Page, B J Everitt, J McCulloc. The cerebral metabolic effects of manipulating glutamatergic systems within the basal forebrain in conscious rats. The European journal of neuroscience. vol 10. issue 2. 1998-10-22. PMID:9749726. |
both ampa and nmda markedly increased glucose use in the striatum and globus pallidus, with concomitant perturbations in striato-pallidal projection targets including the substantia nigra, entopeduncular nucleus, subthalamic nucleus and lateral habenular nucleus. |
1998-10-22 |
2023-08-12 |
rat |
| C Agulhon, Y Charnay, P Vallet, M Abitbol, A Kobetz, D Bertrand, A Malafoss. Distribution of mRNA for the alpha4 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in the human fetal brain. Brain research. Molecular brain research. vol 58. issue 1-2. 1998-09-21. PMID:9685607. |
several other areas including the claustrum, caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, subiculum, entorhinal cortex, and purkinje cell layer displayed a low to moderate radiosignal. |
1998-09-21 |
2023-08-12 |
human |
| K Kultas-Ilinsky, V Leontiev, P J Whitin. Expression of 10 GABA(A) receptor subunit messenger RNAs in the motor-related thalamic nuclei and basal ganglia of Macaca mulatta studied with in situ hybridization histochemistry. Neuroscience. vol 85. issue 1. 1998-07-27. PMID:9607711. |
in the medial and lateral parts of the globus pallidus, the subthalamic nucleus and the substantia nigra pars reticularis, the alpha1, beta2 and gamma2 messenger rnas were co-expressed at a high level suggesting that this subunit composition was associated with all gabaergic synapses in the direct and indirect striatal output pathways. |
1998-07-27 |
2023-08-12 |
human |
| P Krack, P Pollak, P Limousin, D Hoffmann, J Xie, A Benazzouz, A L Benabi. Subthalamic nucleus or internal pallidal stimulation in young onset Parkinson's disease. Brain : a journal of neurology. vol 121 ( Pt 3). 1998-05-08. PMID:9549521. |
the aim of this study was to compare, retrospectively, the value of chronic bilateral stimulation of the internal globus pallidus (gpi) and the subthalamic nucleus (stn) in patients with young onset parkinson's disease. |
1998-05-08 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| G S Berns, T J Sejnowsk. A computational model of how the basal ganglia produce sequences. Journal of cognitive neuroscience. vol 10. issue 1. 1998-04-30. PMID:9526086. |
third, we propose that a form of local working memory exists in the form of reciprocal connections between the external globus pallidus (gpe) and the subthalamic nucleus (stn). |
1998-04-30 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| N Nakao, M Ogura, K Nakai, T Itakur. Intrastriatal mesencephalic grafts affect neuronal activity in basal ganglia nuclei and their target structures in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience. vol 18. issue 5. 1998-03-04. PMID:9465005. |
nigrostriatal dopamine (da) lesions lead to changes of neuronal activity in basal ganglia nuclei such as the globus pallidus (gp, the rodent homolog of lateral globus pallidus), entopeduncular nucleus (ep, the rodent homolog of medial globus pallidus), substantia nigra pars reticulata (snr), and subthalamic nucleus (stn). |
1998-03-04 |
2023-08-12 |
rat |
| J A Obeso, M C Rodríguez, A Gorospe, J Guridi, L Alvarez, R Macia. Surgical treatment of Parkinson's disease. Bailliere's clinical neurology. vol 6. issue 1. 1998-01-28. PMID:9426872. |
pallidotomy, thalamotomy); (2) deep brain stimulation (dbs) of the thalamus, internal globus pallidus (gpi) and subthalamic nucleus (stn); and (3) grafting fetal mesencephalic cells into the striatum. |
1998-01-28 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| B Hitzemann, R Hitzeman. Genetics ethanol and the Fos response: a comparison of the C57BL/6J and DBA/2J inbred mouse strains. Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research. vol 21. issue 8. 1998-01-16. PMID:9394124. |
there was no significant effect in either strain of ethanol treatment (0.25 to 2 g/kg) in the globus pallidus, ventral pallidum, and subthalamic nucleus. |
1998-01-16 |
2023-08-12 |
mouse |
| C Gross, A Rougier, D Guehl, T Boraud, J Julien, B Bioula. High-frequency stimulation of the globus pallidus internalis in Parkinson's disease: a study of seven cases. Journal of neurosurgery. vol 87. issue 4. 1997-10-21. PMID:9322838. |
the effectiveness of ventroposterolateral pallidotomy in the treatment of akinesia and rigidity is not a new discovery and agrees with recent investigations into the pathogenesis of parkinson's disease, which highlight the role played by the unbridled activity of the subthalamic nucleus (stn) and the consequent overactivity of the globus pallidus internalis (gpi). |
1997-10-21 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| T Hashimoto, N Yanagisaw. [Pathophysiology of involuntary movements in adults]. No to hattatsu = Brain and development. vol 29. issue 3. 1997-06-24. PMID:9146023. |
reversal of akinesia by lesions of the internal division of the globus pallidus (gpi) or its excitatory source, the subthalamic nucleus, agrees with this pathological schema. |
1997-06-24 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| S Bischoff, J Barhanin, B Bettler, C Mulle, S Heineman. Spatial distribution of kainate receptor subunit mRNA in the mouse basal ganglia and ventral mesencephalon. The Journal of comparative neurology. vol 379. issue 4. 1997-06-06. PMID:9067842. |
glur6 appeared as the key subunit for the descending gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba)ergic-glutamatergic pathways, with highest message levels in the caudate putamen, globus pallidus and subthalamic nucleus as well as in the nucleus accumbens and olfactory tubercle. |
1997-06-06 |
2023-08-12 |
mouse |
| D Joel, I Weine. The connections of the primate subthalamic nucleus: indirect pathways and the open-interconnected scheme of basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuitry. Brain research. Brain research reviews. vol 23. issue 1-2. 1997-05-23. PMID:9063587. |
in addition, this view states that striatal output reaches the basal ganglia output nuclei (the substantia nigra pars reticulata (snr) and the internal segment of the globus pallidus (gpi)) via a 'direct' pathway, and via an 'indirect pathway' which traverses the external segment of the globus pallidus (gpe) and the subthalamic nucleus (stn). |
1997-05-23 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| J H Kordower, Yaping-Chu, A J Maclenna. Ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor alpha-immunoreactivity in the monkey central nervous system. The Journal of comparative neurology. vol 377. issue 3. 1997-03-28. PMID:8989652. |
a few cntfr alpha-ir neurons were seen within the globus pallidus with concomitant terminal-like staining within the subthalamic nucleus. |
1997-03-28 |
2023-08-12 |
monkey |
| D N Ruskin, J F Marshal. D1 dopamine receptors influence Fos immunoreactivity in the globus pallidus and subthalamic nucleus of intact and nigrostriatal-lesioned rats. Brain research. vol 703. issue 1-2. 1997-03-06. PMID:8719628. |
d1 dopamine receptors influence fos immunoreactivity in the globus pallidus and subthalamic nucleus of intact and nigrostriatal-lesioned rats. |
1997-03-06 |
2023-08-12 |
rat |
| D N Ruskin, J F Marshal. D1 dopamine receptors influence Fos immunoreactivity in the globus pallidus and subthalamic nucleus of intact and nigrostriatal-lesioned rats. Brain research. vol 703. issue 1-2. 1997-03-06. PMID:8719628. |
studies of the globus pallidus (gp) and subthalamic nucleus (stn) have emphasized the role of d2 dopamine receptors, although effects of d1 receptor activation on gp firing rate and stn metabolism have been reported, especially in rats with nigrostriatal lesions. |
1997-03-06 |
2023-08-12 |
rat |