| Publication |
Sentence |
Publish Date |
Extraction Date |
Species |
| Y L Lee, K Shih, P Bao, R S Ghirnikar, L F En. Cytokine chemokine expression in contused rat spinal cord. Neurochemistry international. vol 36. issue 4-5. 2000-05-10. PMID:10733009. |
spinal cord injury within the first few hours, is complicated by inflammatory mechanisms, including the influx of monocyte/macrophages as well as the activation of resident spinal microglia and astrocytes. |
2000-05-10 |
2023-08-12 |
rat |
| W J Strei. Microglial response to brain injury: a brief synopsis. Toxicologic pathology. vol 28. issue 1. 2000-03-06. PMID:10668987. |
microglia are distributed ubiquitously throughout the brain and spinal cord, and one of their main functions is to monitor and sustain neuronal health. |
2000-03-06 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| L R Watkins, S F Maie. Implications of immune-to-brain communication for sickness and pain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. vol 96. issue 14. 1999-08-26. PMID:10393885. |
one focus of this discussion is on the evidence that spinal cord microglia and astrocytes are key mediators of sickness-induced hyperalgesia. |
1999-08-26 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| D J Gould, H G Goshgaria. The effects of mitotic inhibition on the spinal cord response to the superimposed injuries of spinal cord hemisection and peripheral axotomy. Experimental neurology. vol 158. issue 2. 1999-08-24. PMID:10415145. |
the present study was carried out to test the hypothesis that dividing microglia are responsible for the depression of crossed phrenic nerve activity documented at 2 weeks postphrenicotomy in an injury model which superimposes the effects of spinal cord injury on peripheral axotomy. |
1999-08-24 |
2023-08-12 |
rat |
| D J Gould, H G Goshgaria. The effects of mitotic inhibition on the spinal cord response to the superimposed injuries of spinal cord hemisection and peripheral axotomy. Experimental neurology. vol 158. issue 2. 1999-08-24. PMID:10415145. |
alternatively, the activation of microglia may be a necessary step in the cascade of multiple events that take place in the spinal cord after injury. |
1999-08-24 |
2023-08-12 |
rat |
| A G Rabchevsky, J D Degos, P A Dreyfu. Peripheral injections of Freund's adjuvant in mice provoke leakage of serum proteins through the blood-brain barrier without inducing reactive gliosis. Brain research. vol 832. issue 1-2. 1999-08-18. PMID:10375654. |
to study the equivocal relationship between serum protein extravasation and reactive gliosis, we injected c57bl/6 mice with cfa and histologically assessed the permeability of various serum proteins and the reactivity of proximal microglia and astrocytes in the uninjured brainstem and spinal cord enlargements after 1-4 weeks. |
1999-08-18 |
2023-08-12 |
mouse |
| P Rezaie, D Mal. Colonisation of the developing human brain and spinal cord by microglia: a review. Microscopy research and technique. vol 45. issue 6. 1999-08-18. PMID:10402264. |
colonisation of the developing human brain and spinal cord by microglia: a review. |
1999-08-18 |
2023-08-12 |
human |
| P Rezaie, D Mal. Colonisation of the developing human brain and spinal cord by microglia: a review. Microscopy research and technique. vol 45. issue 6. 1999-08-18. PMID:10402264. |
we have observed that colonisation of the spinal cord begins around 9 weeks, with the major influx and distribution of microglia commencing around 16 weeks. |
1999-08-18 |
2023-08-12 |
human |
| P Rezaie, K Patel, D K Mal. Microglia in the human fetal spinal cord--patterns of distribution, morphology and phenotype. Brain research. Developmental brain research. vol 115. issue 1. 1999-08-03. PMID:10366704. |
microglia in the human fetal spinal cord--patterns of distribution, morphology and phenotype. |
1999-08-03 |
2023-08-12 |
human |
| P Rezaie, K Patel, D K Mal. Microglia in the human fetal spinal cord--patterns of distribution, morphology and phenotype. Brain research. Developmental brain research. vol 115. issue 1. 1999-08-03. PMID:10366704. |
human fetal microglia display heterogeneity in phenotype and are more readily identified by cd68 in the spinal cord. |
1999-08-03 |
2023-08-12 |
human |
| Y P Wu, A McRae, K Rudolphi, E A Lin. Propentofylline attenuates microglial reaction in the rat spinal cord induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion. Neuroscience letters. vol 260. issue 1. 1999-06-18. PMID:10027689. |
this study examines the effect of propentofylline (ppf) on reactive microglia in the lumbar spinal cord in rats following focal cerebral ischaemia produced by permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (mca). |
1999-06-18 |
2023-08-12 |
rat |
| T Watanabe, T Yamamoto, Y Abe, N Saito, T Kumagai, H Kayam. Differential activation of microglia after experimental spinal cord injury. Journal of neurotrauma. vol 16. issue 3. 1999-06-09. PMID:10195473. |
differential activation of microglia after experimental spinal cord injury. |
1999-06-09 |
2023-08-12 |
rat |
| T Watanabe, T Yamamoto, Y Abe, N Saito, T Kumagai, H Kayam. Differential activation of microglia after experimental spinal cord injury. Journal of neurotrauma. vol 16. issue 3. 1999-06-09. PMID:10195473. |
immediately to 4 weeks after injury, each spinal cord was fixed and cut into longitudinal frozen sections, and was immunostained with ox42 for resident and activated microglia, ox-6 for activated microglia, gfap for activated astrocytes, and biotinylated bs-i, a lectin for both resident and activated microglia. |
1999-06-09 |
2023-08-12 |
rat |
| Y Sugita, B Zhao, P Shankar, C E Dunbar, S Doren, H A Young, J P Schwart. CNS interleukin-3 (IL-3) expression and neurological syndrome in antisense-IL-3 transgenic mice. Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology. vol 58. issue 5. 1999-05-27. PMID:10331436. |
histopathology demonstrated accumulations of reactive astrocytes in the cerebellum, brain stem, and spinal cord, accompanied by activated microglia. |
1999-05-27 |
2023-08-12 |
mouse |
| K Y Fu, A R Light, G K Matsushima, W Maixne. Microglial reactions after subcutaneous formalin injection into the rat hind paw. Brain research. vol 825. issue 1-2. 1999-05-26. PMID:10216173. |
this study was designed to investigate the response of microglia in the lumbar spinal cord and in the brainstem to a tonic noxious stimulus. |
1999-05-26 |
2023-08-12 |
rat |
| Y P Wu, E A Lin. Transsynaptic changes of neurons and associated microglial reaction in the spinal cord of rats following middle cerebral artery occlusion. Neuroscience letters. vol 256. issue 1. 1999-02-10. PMID:9832212. |
three and five days after mca occlusion, some neurons in the dorsal horn of lumbar spinal cord underwent degeneration and they appeared to be engulfed by reactive microglia; on the other hand, the ventral horn neurons remained ultrastructurally intact. |
1999-02-10 |
2023-08-12 |
rat |
| S A Gilmore, C J Kan. Microglia, but not astrocytes, react to sciatic nerve injury in aging rats. Brain research. vol 806. issue 1. 1998-11-20. PMID:9739119. |
peripheral nerve axotomy activates microglia and astrocytes within regions of brainstem or spinal cord from which the nerve arises. |
1998-11-20 |
2023-08-12 |
rat |
| C Yong, P M Arnold, M N Zoubine, B A Citron, I Watanabe, N E Berman, B W Festof. Apoptosis in cellular compartments of rat spinal cord after severe contusion injury. Journal of neurotrauma. vol 15. issue 7. 1998-10-27. PMID:9674550. |
this suggested that both nonneuronal cells, including astrocytes, oligodendroglia and microglia, as well as neurons, might participate in programmed cell death (pcd) following spinal cord injury (sci). |
1998-10-27 |
2023-08-12 |
rat |
| G Raivich, S Haas, A Werner, M A Klein, C Kloss, G W Kreutzber. Regulation of MCSF receptors on microglia in the normal and injured mouse central nervous system: a quantitative immunofluorescence study using confocal laser microscopy. The Journal of comparative neurology. vol 395. issue 3. 1998-07-08. PMID:9596528. |
immunohistochemistry on fixed, floating tissue sections demonstrated low to moderate mcsfr immunoreactivity (mcsfr-ir) on microglia in the gray and white matter throughout the mouse cns in the forebrain, brainstem, cerebellum, and spinal cord. |
1998-07-08 |
2023-08-12 |
mouse |
| R Kiefer, T Schweitzer, S Jung, K V Toyka, H P Hartun. Sequential expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 by T-cells, macrophages, and microglia in rat spinal cord during autoimmune inflammation. Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology. vol 57. issue 5. 1998-06-04. PMID:9596409. |
sequential expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 by t-cells, macrophages, and microglia in rat spinal cord during autoimmune inflammation. |
1998-06-04 |
2023-08-12 |
rat |